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版权

What is 版权?

A set of legal rights given to authors to protect their original, creative expression. These rights give the owner exclusive authority to, 和 authorize others to:

  • 繁殖 的工作 in copies
  • 适应 的工作
  • 分发 的工作 to the public
  • 执行 的工作 publicly
  • 显示 的工作 publicly

How is a 版权 Obtained?

Protection exists immediately, from the moment 的工作 is created in a fixed form.
版权 请注意 is no longer a requirement to obtaining a Federal copyright. 你做 不 need to publish, register, or 执行 any other action in the 版权 Office.

保险范围是什么?

Original 作品 that are fixed in a tangible form of expression, including:

  • 文学作品
  • Musical 作品 - including accompanying songs
  • Dramatic 作品 including accompanying music
  • Pantomimes 和 choreographic 作品
  • Pictorial, graphic, 和 sculptural 作品
  • Motion pictures 和 other Audiovisual 作品
  • 录音
  • Architectural 作品

What can I copy without permission?

  • Works that have entered public domain
  • US Government Publications
  • 版权ed materials that fall under the guidelines of 合理使用

何谓合理使用?

Teachers may 繁殖 copyrighted materials for classroom use 和 f或研究 without permission 和 without paying royalties.

  • copying of 作品 不 considered an infringement of 版权 protection.
  • reproduction are for purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, 或研究

Factors of 合理使用 - 4 Aspects

To qualify, these factors must be taken into consideration:

  • the character of the use - nonprofit, educational
  • the nature of 的工作 - factual
  • the quantity of 的工作 to be used - small amount
  • the effect on the market - loss of potential revenue

Guidelines for Classroom Use

Multiple copies can be made for one event, with one copy per pupil, for one course under the following conditions:

  • Copying meets the test of 简洁 和 自发性
  • Copying meets the test of cumulative effect
  • Each copy includes 请注意 版权的

简洁

As defined in the dictionary: a short 和 concise expression.

  • a complete poem if less than 250 words 和 fits on 2 pages
  • an excerpt from a long poem, 不 to exceed 250 words
  • a complete article, story or essay fewer than 2500 words
  • an excerpt from a larger work 不 to exceed 10% of the whole or 1000 words, whichever 不太
  • One chart, graph, diagram, cartoon or picture per book or per issue of a periodical

自发性

As defined in the dictionary: arising from a momentary impulse.

  • The copying is at the instance 和 inspiration of the individual teacher
  • The decision to use 的工作 does 不 allow time to request permission
     

Cumulative Effect

Something made up of accumulated parts.

  • The material copied is for only one course
  • Only 1 short poem, article, story or essay or 2 excerpts from the same author, or 3 from the same collective work or periodical
  • Up to 9 instances of multiple copying for one course during one class term

请注意

Copies must 显示 reference to the original owner, including:

  • 作者的名字
  • Title
  • 日期
  • Source

For a complete listing of the proper formatting when providing a 引用，请使用 这个引用.

禁忌

  • consumable materials such as workbooks, exercises, st和ardized tests, test booklets, answer sheets, etc.
  • copying used to create, replace or substitute for anthologies, compilations or collective 作品
  • copying to substitute for the purchase of books, reprints or periodicals
  • copying can不 be repeated by the same teacher from term to term
  • can不 be charged beyond the cost of photocopying

资源